Reinterpretación Filosófica de la Paideia Trágica :: Spanish Essays

Reinterpretacià ³n Filosà ³fica de la Paideia Trà ¡gica ABSTRACT: Philosophy as paideia is shown here as a resignification of tragedy as paideia in consonance with several contemporary thinkers. In this philosophical reading of tragedy, noted as the confirmation of an à ªthos starting from pà ¡thos, the experience of suffering is a privileged instance of learning which generates a peculiar wisdom — anagnà ³risis. Its appropriation gives occasion for a deep conversion that may take place as salvation. Moreover, the tragical paideà ­a is — in the case of Antà ­gone — an exemplary surpassing of violence towards justice, and the surpassing of justice in the paradigm of friendship and human solidarity. From Antà ­gone, it is possible to throw light on the ethical life (Sittlichkeit), so as to see it as did Hegel. In it there is already a constellation of tensions provoked by the connected incidence of destiny and the action of human liberty. This constitutes the tragical conflict which shakes the home or family, the pà ³lis, the phà ½sis and questions of justice and destiny, in order to recover them, perhaps, at a higher level of love and friendship. But above all, Antà ­gone presents an alternative to paideà ­a because she speaks and acts from alterity, from the brother or sister as the other absent, and so allows the other side to emerge, the other side imperfectly seen until now as an obscure, unconscious, underground — the other that one tends to forget and avoid — the excluded, the nothing as mystery of being, the kingdom of shadows that exalts the limits of light-figures, the female principle as the gravity-force of the male principle, femininity as 'irony of the community.' Ensayamos plantear aquà ­ cà ³mo, a partir de Hegel, ciertos textos contemporà ¡neos evidencian una asombrosa afinidad con la paideia trà ¡gica. Las figuras de Antà ­gona y de Edipo, tal como las caracteriza Sà ³focles, recobran asà ­ toda su fuerza educativa de paradigmas à ©ticos de humanizacià ³n. Desde las relecturas de Hegel, Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Ricoeur, M. Zambrano, Steiner han sabido liberar nuevas posibilidades a partir de estos modelos trà ¡gicos. 1.- Antà ­gona y el à ªthos trà ¡gico A nosotros nos ha interesado sobre todo la figura de Antà ­gona , porque la obra homà ³nima de Sà ³focles permite no sà ³lo un relevamiento de la eticidad (magistralmente ya realizado por Hegel), sino que presenta tambià ©n una alternativa para la paideia. En cuanto a la eticidad, la piedad fraterna de Antà ­gona tiene raà ­ces mà ¡s profundas que un sentimiento subjetivo y azaroso.