Explain the meaning of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) and explain what factors cause shifts in the curves. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1711 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Q1. a) Explain the meaning of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) and explain what factors cause shifts in the curves. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Explain the meaning of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) and explain what factors cause shifts in the curves." essay for you Create order Aggregate demand is the sum of all expenditure in the economy over a period of time. AD = C+I+G+(X-M) Where: C = consumption Spending I = Investment Spending G = Government Spending (X-M) = net export or balance of payments (exports minus inputs) The aggregate demand curve describes the aggregate demand (overall level of spending) at different price levels. Traditionally the y-axis displayed price but current thinking has replaced this with inflation. This is because an actual fall in prices is unlikely and that central banks prefer to target interests rates as opposed to money supply as a policy tool. On the x-axis is measured real GDP or Real National Income or Real Output. The AD curve is taken to slope down from left to right (fig 1) because a rise in the price level is assumed to be met by a rise in interest rates which will increase the cost of borrowing. Therefore consumption spending will fall, investment will fall and international competitiveness will decrease resulting in a fall in exports and a rise in imports (balance of payments decreases). Shifts in AD occur when changes in C, I, G, X and M occur as the result for example a change in interest rates. Factors that increase C, I, G, X and M result in a shift of the curve outwards (AD2) and vice a versa. Factors affecting C, I, G, X and M are in fig 2 C I G X + M Wages Incomes; short term and expected Interest rates Actual wealth and wealth perception Taxes Credit Expected rates of return Interest rates Perception of future size market and inflations rates Tax system Willingness to borrow Political climate UK competitiveness Interest rates Overseas markets World economy Fig 2: Aggregate supply is the capacity of the economy, the amount it will produce (or can produce) at a given price. It is a function of the costs of production, level of technology, labour skills, incentives to production, taxation, capital, productivity and the labour market. However economists disagree on the resulting shape of the curve having an obvious impact on the conclusions of any analysis. There are three main approaches. Keysian economists suggest the curve shown in fig 3. At Yf the economy is at full production it cannot; labour force/skills and resources are exhausted. At Y1 the economy is at under-capacity and there will be widespread unemployment, since a lower level of production requires a reduced volume of labour. As the economy moves from Y1 to Yf resource and skill shortages occur. Shifts in the curve result from changes in the production possibility frontier. For example new technology or an increase in the workforce as the result of immigration Classical economists divide AS into long and short term (fig 4). In the short-term wage rates and other input costs are fixed. However companies can only increase production by increasing costs. For example, although wage rate stays the same the payment of overtime results in a higher wage bill. Increases in input costs (e.g. an increase in the wage rate) result in a shift of the curve upwards and vice versa. In the long term AS is said to be perfectly inelastic (vertical line), as wages and input costs are likely to adjust to price increases there will be no under use of resources and markets will clear resulting in firms supplying at the maximum capacity of the economy regardless of the inflation rate. 3) The middle approach used for general analysis fig 5. This assumes that as production increases so do costs but that this function although undefined falls somewhere between the Keysian and classical approaches. b) Using AD/AS diagrams with discussion, illustrate the likely impact of a rise in interest rates on the growth of output and the level of prices in the UK. Normally an interest rate rise would occur as a result of a rise in prices. However if we raise interest rates at a given price this rise will still increase the cost of borrowing. This will in turn lead to a fall in consumption spending and investment, international competitiveness will decrease resulting in a fall in exports and a rise in imports (balance of payments decreases). The AD curve will therefore shift inwards AD2 (fig 6). The equilibrium point between AD and AS will therefore move to E2. Since an actual fall in prices is unlikely this will result in a lower inflation level P2 but at the cost of a decrease in output (national income) and an increase in unemployment since the lower output requires fewer units of labour. Since we have moved along the AS curve to the left output growth is also likely to be diminished Q2. Explain why unemployment and inflation are a problem for business. A rise in inflation will result in a rise in interest rates, which will reduce aggregate demand, see Qu a. Reduction in demand will decrease sales and therefore profits, if businesses do not adjust this may also lead to oversupply. In addition as interest rates increase the cost of borrowing, investment will therefore be reduced limited the business capacity for growth. Interest rate raises also harm competitiveness abroad and therefore will be damaging to export driven industries. If inflation rates rise this is likely to force companies to raise wages in the long run, which will squeeze profit margins. Unemployment has an affect on consumption, if fewer people are working then they have less money to spend, less consumption results in reduced profits. Unemployment also indicates an economy at under capacity and therefore not maximising production which in turn means an under exploitation of potential (assuming demand would keep pace) sales/profits. Unemployed people also devalue in terms of experience and skills the longer they are unemployed which is damaging in the long term to business human resources Assess how the UK government policy has tried to control unemployment and inflation rates in the past 10 years. Since the 1992 UK exit of the ERM UK government policy has concentrated on the creation of a stable environment for business the major target of which has been to keep inflation low. The government set a target of 2.5% inflation (retail price index measure) responsibility for meeting this target has fallen to the bank of Englands monetary policy committee (MPC) who has used the interest rate base rate to manipulate inflation. In 2004 the chancellor change the inflation target to within 1% point of 2% consumer price index. Inflation has remained low throughout this period. By focusing in inflation we would expect a negative effect on unemployment (Philips curve). The government used policy to promote job creation and improve education and skills in order to counteract this (new deal). Till the end of 2004 the UK saw 50 consecutive quarters of growth, in addition the UKs growth and comparative economic strength have meant good international competitiveness all of which have meant that although unemployment has varied it has remained below EU average. Q3. a) Distinguish between a free trade area and a customs union in relation to the process of further economic integration. Free trade area is a group of countries or states between which there are no tariff (direct tax or duties paid on goods entering) or non tariff (restrictions on quantity or entrance method, must all come through one port, or excessive bureaucracy) barriers. The difference between this and a custom union is that for its members a customs union offers a free trade area but to non members it offers a uniform customs policy (equal tariff and non-tariff barriers) regardless of which country of the union the external goods will be entering. Both mechanisms further economic interdependence by promoting trade, the more dependent a country is on another for its supply of goods or services the greater its dependence on that country and the reciprocation of this is therefore interdependence. However a customs union requires further economic integration because of the necessity to agree and implement the universe external tariff system. In addition the internal free trade area of a customs union positively biases trade between member states thus forming closer economic ties between the small numbers of member states. A customs union is also normally formed as a method of increasing economic political and social ties between member states (e.g. EU) whereas general free trade agreements are normally directed at simply increasing trade and growth (e.g. GATT, WTO). b) To what extent do the disadvantages of a customs union outweigh the benefits enjoyed by many firms in the member states? The level of benefits or disadvantage to firms entering a customs union is greatly dependent on their situation prior to joining. If the states none union tariff level was high and firms were inefficient then joining the union would have a larger negative effect due to increased competition both from within the union and from outside (given a comparatively lower external tariff) and will be at a competitive disadvantage. If however the state has a low tariff structure and the firms are efficient they will benefit from better access to internal markets and if external tariffs are comparatively higher may enjoy more protection. The focus of a firms trading is important. If a firm imports resources form within the customs union these will become cheaper, if it imports from external states and the union tariffs are comparatively higher then its imports will become more expensive. If a firm operates domestically it will face increased competition form member states but may be better prote cted if tariffs are comparatively higher from external firms. Exporting firms will benefit form greater access to internal markets but may suffer from reciprocating tariffs of none member states if the CU tariff is comparatively higher. If a firm is prior to joining a CU highly protected and inefficient or if most of its business is done external to the union it is likely to have a net disadvantage in joining especially if the common external tariff differs negatively (dependent on firm) from the pre-CU level.

Explain the meaning of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) and explain what factors cause shifts in the curves. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1711 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Q1. a) Explain the meaning of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) and explain what factors cause shifts in the curves. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Explain the meaning of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) and explain what factors cause shifts in the curves." essay for you Create order Aggregate demand is the sum of all expenditure in the economy over a period of time. AD = C+I+G+(X-M) Where: C = consumption Spending I = Investment Spending G = Government Spending (X-M) = net export or balance of payments (exports minus inputs) The aggregate demand curve describes the aggregate demand (overall level of spending) at different price levels. Traditionally the y-axis displayed price but current thinking has replaced this with inflation. This is because an actual fall in prices is unlikely and that central banks prefer to target interests rates as opposed to money supply as a policy tool. On the x-axis is measured real GDP or Real National Income or Real Output. The AD curve is taken to slope down from left to right (fig 1) because a rise in the price level is assumed to be met by a rise in interest rates which will increase the cost of borrowing. Therefore consumption spending will fall, investment will fall and international competitiveness will decrease resulting in a fall in exports and a rise in imports (balance of payments decreases). Shifts in AD occur when changes in C, I, G, X and M occur as the result for example a change in interest rates. Factors that increase C, I, G, X and M result in a shift of the curve outwards (AD2) and vice a versa. Factors affecting C, I, G, X and M are in fig 2 C I G X + M Wages Incomes; short term and expected Interest rates Actual wealth and wealth perception Taxes Credit Expected rates of return Interest rates Perception of future size market and inflations rates Tax system Willingness to borrow Political climate UK competitiveness Interest rates Overseas markets World economy Fig 2: Aggregate supply is the capacity of the economy, the amount it will produce (or can produce) at a given price. It is a function of the costs of production, level of technology, labour skills, incentives to production, taxation, capital, productivity and the labour market. However economists disagree on the resulting shape of the curve having an obvious impact on the conclusions of any analysis. There are three main approaches. Keysian economists suggest the curve shown in fig 3. At Yf the economy is at full production it cannot; labour force/skills and resources are exhausted. At Y1 the economy is at under-capacity and there will be widespread unemployment, since a lower level of production requires a reduced volume of labour. As the economy moves from Y1 to Yf resource and skill shortages occur. Shifts in the curve result from changes in the production possibility frontier. For example new technology or an increase in the workforce as the result of immigration Classical economists divide AS into long and short term (fig 4). In the short-term wage rates and other input costs are fixed. However companies can only increase production by increasing costs. For example, although wage rate stays the same the payment of overtime results in a higher wage bill. Increases in input costs (e.g. an increase in the wage rate) result in a shift of the curve upwards and vice versa. In the long term AS is said to be perfectly inelastic (vertical line), as wages and input costs are likely to adjust to price increases there will be no under use of resources and markets will clear resulting in firms supplying at the maximum capacity of the economy regardless of the inflation rate. 3) The middle approach used for general analysis fig 5. This assumes that as production increases so do costs but that this function although undefined falls somewhere between the Keysian and classical approaches. b) Using AD/AS diagrams with discussion, illustrate the likely impact of a rise in interest rates on the growth of output and the level of prices in the UK. Normally an interest rate rise would occur as a result of a rise in prices. However if we raise interest rates at a given price this rise will still increase the cost of borrowing. This will in turn lead to a fall in consumption spending and investment, international competitiveness will decrease resulting in a fall in exports and a rise in imports (balance of payments decreases). The AD curve will therefore shift inwards AD2 (fig 6). The equilibrium point between AD and AS will therefore move to E2. Since an actual fall in prices is unlikely this will result in a lower inflation level P2 but at the cost of a decrease in output (national income) and an increase in unemployment since the lower output requires fewer units of labour. Since we have moved along the AS curve to the left output growth is also likely to be diminished Q2. Explain why unemployment and inflation are a problem for business. A rise in inflation will result in a rise in interest rates, which will reduce aggregate demand, see Qu a. Reduction in demand will decrease sales and therefore profits, if businesses do not adjust this may also lead to oversupply. In addition as interest rates increase the cost of borrowing, investment will therefore be reduced limited the business capacity for growth. Interest rate raises also harm competitiveness abroad and therefore will be damaging to export driven industries. If inflation rates rise this is likely to force companies to raise wages in the long run, which will squeeze profit margins. Unemployment has an affect on consumption, if fewer people are working then they have less money to spend, less consumption results in reduced profits. Unemployment also indicates an economy at under capacity and therefore not maximising production which in turn means an under exploitation of potential (assuming demand would keep pace) sales/profits. Unemployed people also devalue in terms of experience and skills the longer they are unemployed which is damaging in the long term to business human resources Assess how the UK government policy has tried to control unemployment and inflation rates in the past 10 years. Since the 1992 UK exit of the ERM UK government policy has concentrated on the creation of a stable environment for business the major target of which has been to keep inflation low. The government set a target of 2.5% inflation (retail price index measure) responsibility for meeting this target has fallen to the bank of Englands monetary policy committee (MPC) who has used the interest rate base rate to manipulate inflation. In 2004 the chancellor change the inflation target to within 1% point of 2% consumer price index. Inflation has remained low throughout this period. By focusing in inflation we would expect a negative effect on unemployment (Philips curve). The government used policy to promote job creation and improve education and skills in order to counteract this (new deal). Till the end of 2004 the UK saw 50 consecutive quarters of growth, in addition the UKs growth and comparative economic strength have meant good international competitiveness all of which have meant that although unemployment has varied it has remained below EU average. Q3. a) Distinguish between a free trade area and a customs union in relation to the process of further economic integration. Free trade area is a group of countries or states between which there are no tariff (direct tax or duties paid on goods entering) or non tariff (restrictions on quantity or entrance method, must all come through one port, or excessive bureaucracy) barriers. The difference between this and a custom union is that for its members a customs union offers a free trade area but to non members it offers a uniform customs policy (equal tariff and non-tariff barriers) regardless of which country of the union the external goods will be entering. Both mechanisms further economic interdependence by promoting trade, the more dependent a country is on another for its supply of goods or services the greater its dependence on that country and the reciprocation of this is therefore interdependence. However a customs union requires further economic integration because of the necessity to agree and implement the universe external tariff system. In addition the internal free trade area of a customs union positively biases trade between member states thus forming closer economic ties between the small numbers of member states. A customs union is also normally formed as a method of increasing economic political and social ties between member states (e.g. EU) whereas general free trade agreements are normally directed at simply increasing trade and growth (e.g. GATT, WTO). b) To what extent do the disadvantages of a customs union outweigh the benefits enjoyed by many firms in the member states? The level of benefits or disadvantage to firms entering a customs union is greatly dependent on their situation prior to joining. If the states none union tariff level was high and firms were inefficient then joining the union would have a larger negative effect due to increased competition both from within the union and from outside (given a comparatively lower external tariff) and will be at a competitive disadvantage. If however the state has a low tariff structure and the firms are efficient they will benefit from better access to internal markets and if external tariffs are comparatively higher may enjoy more protection. The focus of a firms trading is important. If a firm imports resources form within the customs union these will become cheaper, if it imports from external states and the union tariffs are comparatively higher then its imports will become more expensive. If a firm operates domestically it will face increased competition form member states but may be better prote cted if tariffs are comparatively higher from external firms. Exporting firms will benefit form greater access to internal markets but may suffer from reciprocating tariffs of none member states if the CU tariff is comparatively higher. If a firm is prior to joining a CU highly protected and inefficient or if most of its business is done external to the union it is likely to have a net disadvantage in joining especially if the common external tariff differs negatively (dependent on firm) from the pre-CU level.

Explain the meaning of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) and explain what factors cause shifts in the curves. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1711 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Q1. a) Explain the meaning of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) and explain what factors cause shifts in the curves. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Explain the meaning of aggregate supply (AS) and aggregate demand (AD) and explain what factors cause shifts in the curves." essay for you Create order Aggregate demand is the sum of all expenditure in the economy over a period of time. AD = C+I+G+(X-M) Where: C = consumption Spending I = Investment Spending G = Government Spending (X-M) = net export or balance of payments (exports minus inputs) The aggregate demand curve describes the aggregate demand (overall level of spending) at different price levels. Traditionally the y-axis displayed price but current thinking has replaced this with inflation. This is because an actual fall in prices is unlikely and that central banks prefer to target interests rates as opposed to money supply as a policy tool. On the x-axis is measured real GDP or Real National Income or Real Output. The AD curve is taken to slope down from left to right (fig 1) because a rise in the price level is assumed to be met by a rise in interest rates which will increase the cost of borrowing. Therefore consumption spending will fall, investment will fall and international competitiveness will decrease resulting in a fall in exports and a rise in imports (balance of payments decreases). Shifts in AD occur when changes in C, I, G, X and M occur as the result for example a change in interest rates. Factors that increase C, I, G, X and M result in a shift of the curve outwards (AD2) and vice a versa. Factors affecting C, I, G, X and M are in fig 2 C I G X + M Wages Incomes; short term and expected Interest rates Actual wealth and wealth perception Taxes Credit Expected rates of return Interest rates Perception of future size market and inflations rates Tax system Willingness to borrow Political climate UK competitiveness Interest rates Overseas markets World economy Fig 2: Aggregate supply is the capacity of the economy, the amount it will produce (or can produce) at a given price. It is a function of the costs of production, level of technology, labour skills, incentives to production, taxation, capital, productivity and the labour market. However economists disagree on the resulting shape of the curve having an obvious impact on the conclusions of any analysis. There are three main approaches. Keysian economists suggest the curve shown in fig 3. At Yf the economy is at full production it cannot; labour force/skills and resources are exhausted. At Y1 the economy is at under-capacity and there will be widespread unemployment, since a lower level of production requires a reduced volume of labour. As the economy moves from Y1 to Yf resource and skill shortages occur. Shifts in the curve result from changes in the production possibility frontier. For example new technology or an increase in the workforce as the result of immigration Classical economists divide AS into long and short term (fig 4). In the short-term wage rates and other input costs are fixed. However companies can only increase production by increasing costs. For example, although wage rate stays the same the payment of overtime results in a higher wage bill. Increases in input costs (e.g. an increase in the wage rate) result in a shift of the curve upwards and vice versa. In the long term AS is said to be perfectly inelastic (vertical line), as wages and input costs are likely to adjust to price increases there will be no under use of resources and markets will clear resulting in firms supplying at the maximum capacity of the economy regardless of the inflation rate. 3) The middle approach used for general analysis fig 5. This assumes that as production increases so do costs but that this function although undefined falls somewhere between the Keysian and classical approaches. b) Using AD/AS diagrams with discussion, illustrate the likely impact of a rise in interest rates on the growth of output and the level of prices in the UK. Normally an interest rate rise would occur as a result of a rise in prices. However if we raise interest rates at a given price this rise will still increase the cost of borrowing. This will in turn lead to a fall in consumption spending and investment, international competitiveness will decrease resulting in a fall in exports and a rise in imports (balance of payments decreases). The AD curve will therefore shift inwards AD2 (fig 6). The equilibrium point between AD and AS will therefore move to E2. Since an actual fall in prices is unlikely this will result in a lower inflation level P2 but at the cost of a decrease in output (national income) and an increase in unemployment since the lower output requires fewer units of labour. Since we have moved along the AS curve to the left output growth is also likely to be diminished Q2. Explain why unemployment and inflation are a problem for business. A rise in inflation will result in a rise in interest rates, which will reduce aggregate demand, see Qu a. Reduction in demand will decrease sales and therefore profits, if businesses do not adjust this may also lead to oversupply. In addition as interest rates increase the cost of borrowing, investment will therefore be reduced limited the business capacity for growth. Interest rate raises also harm competitiveness abroad and therefore will be damaging to export driven industries. If inflation rates rise this is likely to force companies to raise wages in the long run, which will squeeze profit margins. Unemployment has an affect on consumption, if fewer people are working then they have less money to spend, less consumption results in reduced profits. Unemployment also indicates an economy at under capacity and therefore not maximising production which in turn means an under exploitation of potential (assuming demand would keep pace) sales/profits. Unemployed people also devalue in terms of experience and skills the longer they are unemployed which is damaging in the long term to business human resources Assess how the UK government policy has tried to control unemployment and inflation rates in the past 10 years. Since the 1992 UK exit of the ERM UK government policy has concentrated on the creation of a stable environment for business the major target of which has been to keep inflation low. The government set a target of 2.5% inflation (retail price index measure) responsibility for meeting this target has fallen to the bank of Englands monetary policy committee (MPC) who has used the interest rate base rate to manipulate inflation. In 2004 the chancellor change the inflation target to within 1% point of 2% consumer price index. Inflation has remained low throughout this period. By focusing in inflation we would expect a negative effect on unemployment (Philips curve). The government used policy to promote job creation and improve education and skills in order to counteract this (new deal). Till the end of 2004 the UK saw 50 consecutive quarters of growth, in addition the UKs growth and comparative economic strength have meant good international competitiveness all of which have meant that although unemployment has varied it has remained below EU average. Q3. a) Distinguish between a free trade area and a customs union in relation to the process of further economic integration. Free trade area is a group of countries or states between which there are no tariff (direct tax or duties paid on goods entering) or non tariff (restrictions on quantity or entrance method, must all come through one port, or excessive bureaucracy) barriers. The difference between this and a custom union is that for its members a customs union offers a free trade area but to non members it offers a uniform customs policy (equal tariff and non-tariff barriers) regardless of which country of the union the external goods will be entering. Both mechanisms further economic interdependence by promoting trade, the more dependent a country is on another for its supply of goods or services the greater its dependence on that country and the reciprocation of this is therefore interdependence. However a customs union requires further economic integration because of the necessity to agree and implement the universe external tariff system. In addition the internal free trade area of a customs union positively biases trade between member states thus forming closer economic ties between the small numbers of member states. A customs union is also normally formed as a method of increasing economic political and social ties between member states (e.g. EU) whereas general free trade agreements are normally directed at simply increasing trade and growth (e.g. GATT, WTO). b) To what extent do the disadvantages of a customs union outweigh the benefits enjoyed by many firms in the member states? The level of benefits or disadvantage to firms entering a customs union is greatly dependent on their situation prior to joining. If the states none union tariff level was high and firms were inefficient then joining the union would have a larger negative effect due to increased competition both from within the union and from outside (given a comparatively lower external tariff) and will be at a competitive disadvantage. If however the state has a low tariff structure and the firms are efficient they will benefit from better access to internal markets and if external tariffs are comparatively higher may enjoy more protection. The focus of a firms trading is important. If a firm imports resources form within the customs union these will become cheaper, if it imports from external states and the union tariffs are comparatively higher then its imports will become more expensive. If a firm operates domestically it will face increased competition form member states but may be better prote cted if tariffs are comparatively higher from external firms. Exporting firms will benefit form greater access to internal markets but may suffer from reciprocating tariffs of none member states if the CU tariff is comparatively higher. If a firm is prior to joining a CU highly protected and inefficient or if most of its business is done external to the union it is likely to have a net disadvantage in joining especially if the common external tariff differs negatively (dependent on firm) from the pre-CU level.

The Music Shaping Our Society - 1099 Words

Emily Statt Dr. Joe Erickson English 1302 Section 30 8 October 2012 The Music Shaping Our Society When you turn on the radio and change it to your favorite station, what are most of the songs about? In today’s society, the majority of them are probably about sex, drugs, and alcohol. These are the principles mainstream singers like Lil Wayne, Drake and Nicki Minaj are pounding into young people’s minds. Instead of directing their music negatively, these artists should try to encourage respectable behavior among our youth. I believe that the negative lyrics in many popular contemporary songs have a negative influence on the youth of America. Many artists encourage illicit drug use in popular songs of today and advertise them through†¦show more content†¦Look at the statistics on the number of teenage pregnancies in the United States compared to those of earlier times. Drug and alcohol abuse in the United States has also increased over the years and the ages seem to be getting younger. All of these things are very depressing and really make me worry how the ne xt generation will be if ours is this bad. Sadly, we are the only ones to blame for the way our nation is becoming, but the people we idolize play a huge role in the way we portray ourselves as a nation. It’s no shock that many of today’s popular artists are influencing the youth of America negatively through their lyrics and the way they present themselves. If these young pop artists would realize how much influence they had on our youth, they could really make a change for the better. Gerald Graff’s article â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism† backs up this statement and gives an excellent concept that these young artists should follow. In the article â€Å"Hidden Intellectualism,† Graff states that it doesn’t matter what you’re interested in, as long as you use what you find interesting and look at it through â€Å"academic eyes† (385). 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(Gordon) Among our generation, the question not addressed by the government is what is the common factor among this age bracket that is capable of contributing to this increasing number of sexual crimes across the country? â€Å"Music is an integral part of youth culture† (KistlerRead MoreMtvs Influence on Popular Culture938 Words   |  4 Pagespresidential politics, and world politics like MTV has? In addition to that, MTV can take credit for reconstructing the music industry (Rushkoss 126). One would be hard pressed to find a person who does not enjoy some type of music. MTV chose popular music as its beating heart, instead of classical music or jazz. Y oung people around the country could now see their favorite music icons 24 hours a day, seven days a week. As a result, the young people of America were given an international platformRead MoreInfluence Of Mass Media885 Words   |  4 Pagesculture in every part of the world. These days, thanks to Hollywood, it is instrumental in shaping the social culture by transforming the viewers’ opinions or swaying them one way or another. The idea that a film can have such an enormous impact on people can be difficult for some, however, this same impact can also be a great tool when used properly and for the right reasons (Influence of Film on Modern Society, n.d.). Radio became a new form of communication and entertainment. Between the 1920’s

Rhetoric and Mark Twain free essay sample

â€Å"In the first place, God made idiots. That was for practice. Then he made school boards. † (Mark Twain). The educational essay written by Jonathan Kozol titled â€Å"Still Separated, Still Unequal†, is much like the quote by Mark Twain. This essay shows how today’s’ school system is still separated and unequal according to a person’s skin color or race even though the court case of ‘Brown vs. Board of Education’ supposedly resolved this. Kozol’s essay is written particularly for educated students and adults in order to inform the reader that school systems of today are still separated and unequal. Kozol uses inductive reasoning along with logical development, other persuasive appeals, and rhetorical devices to develop his argument. Jonathan Kozol uses reasoning or logic to prove that the school systems of today are separated and unequal for students based on the color of their skin or their race. An example of this is when the writer informs the reader of the exact percentages of students by race in schools across the country, â€Å"In Chicago 87% of public-school enrolment was black or Hispanic; less than 10% was white. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetoric and Mark Twain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Washington D. C. , 94% black or Hispanic; to less than 5% white. In New York City, nearly three quarters of the students were black or Hispanic. † (239-240). The use of pure facts instead of personal opinions makes this issue seem like a real problem instead of just one man’s opinion. Another way logic is used within this essay is when the writer shares a personal experience, â€Å"In a school I visited in the fall of 2004 in Kansas City, Missouri, for example, a document distributed to visitors reports that the school’s curriculum â€Å"addresses the needs of children from diverse backgrounds. †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I learned that 99. 6 percent of students there were African American. † (242). In this use of logic, the writer uses facts to help the reader understand that there are areas of unequal and separated treatment within the school system of today. Within this essay there are also uses of other persuasive appeals, including pathos and ethos. Pathos is used in this essay in order to link it with a reader’s emotions while ethos is used to show the writer’s moral character. Pathos is used when the writer speaks to a student of the Bronx, â€Å"Think of it this way,† said a sixteen-year-old girl. â€Å"If people in New York woke up one day and learned that we were gone†¦how would they feel? I think they’d be relieved. † (424). This part of the essay is used to make the reader feel guilty that this girl lived in a society where she grew up feeling everyone did not care about her or others of her race. Both pathos and ethos are used when the writer speaks to a principal of a South Bronx school while they looking at a collapsed section of the ceiling, which was covered by a garbage bag, â€Å"This†¦would not happen to white children. † (244). The use of ethos affects the reader’s emotions and makes them want to help this school system.

USC Receives Largest Increase in Applicants in 20 Years

University of Southern California has always been one of the most competitive universities in the US. This year, the competition got ever tougher. USC received a total of 64,000 applications for the Class of 2022. That’s a 14% increase from the 56,000 applications the university received the year before. It’s the largest applicant pool USC has ever had, and the largest percentage increase the university has seen in the last 20 years. The large applicant pool means the admissions office has no choice but to force the acceptance rate even lower. This year 8,200 students were offered admissions to be a part of the USC Class of 2022. USC acceptance rate dropped by 3% from last year to an all-time-low 13% acceptance rate. Last year, USC’s freshmen class size was 3,358 with a 37.1% yield. USC should expect a similar class size, with the hopes of boosting their percentage yield. The accepted students this year are diverse and high-achieving. The accepted students of the Class of 2022 has an average unweighted GPA of 3.86, and 1 in 7 of them are the first in their family to go to college. 26% are from underrepresented minorities (black, Latino, Native American, and some who reported multiple ethnicities), 25% Asian, 16% Latino and 6% African American. Additionally, 17% of the accepted students are international students from China, South Korea, Canada, India, Brazil and more. Congratulations to the USC Class of 2022! We’re excited to see what you do as a USC Trojan. Whether you got into your dream school or not, your admissions experience is valuable and we want to feature your application story. Join otherUSC Admitsand turn your success into insights for future applicants bycreating a profile. Plus, you get to earn some extra money!